Which of the following was a reason for the growth of cotton in the South in the 19th century? 2024

Xem Which of the following was a reason for the growth of cotton in the South in the 19th century? 2024

King Cotton was a phrase coined in the years before the
Civil War to refer to the economy of the American South. The southern economy was particularly dependent on cotton. And, as cotton was very much in demand, both in America and Europe, it created a special set of circumstances.

Great profits could be made by
growing cotton. But as most of the cotton was being picked by enslaved people, the cotton industry was essentially synonymous with the system. And by extension, the thriving textile industry, which was centered on mills in northern states as well as in England, was inextricably linked to the institution of American enslavement.

When the banking system of the United States was rocked by periodic financial panics, the cotton-based economy of the South was at times immune to the problems.

Following the
Panic of 1857, a South Carolina senator, James Hammond, taunted politicians from the North during a debate in the U.S. Senate: “You dare not make war on cotton. No power on earth dares make war upon it. Cotton is king.”

As the textile industry in
England imported vast quantities of cotton from the American South, some political leaders in the South were hopeful that Great Britain might support the Confederacy during the Civil War. That did not happen.

With cotton serving as the economic backbone of the
South before the Civil War, the loss of enslaved labor that came with emancipation changed the situation. However, with the institution of
sharecropping, which in practice was generally close to enslaved labor, the dependence on cotton as a primary crop continued well into the 20th century.

Conditions Which Led to a Dependence on Cotton

When white
settlers came into the American South, they discovered very fertile farmland which turned out to be some of the best lands in the world for growing cotton.

Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin, which automated the work of cleaning cotton fiber,
made it possible to process more cotton than ever before.

And, of course, what made enormous cotton crops profitable was cheap labor, in the form of enslaved Africans. The picking of cotton fibers from the plants was very difficult to work which had to be done by hand. So the harvesting of cotton required an enormous workforce.

As the cotton industry grew, the number of enslaved people in America also increased during the early
19th century. Many of them, especially in the “lower South,” were engaged in cotton farming.

And though the United States instituted a ban against importing enslaved people early in the 19th century, the growing need for them to farm cotton inspired a large and thriving internal trade. For example, traders of enslaved people in Virginia would transport them southward, to markets in New Orleans and other Deep South cities.

Dependence on Cotton Was a Mixed Blessing

By the time of the Civil War, two-thirds of the cotton produced in the world came from the American South. Textile factories in Britain used enormous quantities of cotton from America.

When the Civil War began, the Union Navy blockaded the ports of the South as part of General Winfield Scott’s
Anaconda Plan. And cotton exports were effectively stopped. While some cotton was able to get out, carried by ships known as blockade runners, it became impossible to maintain a steady supply of American cotton to British mills.

Cotton growers in other
countries, primarily Egypt and India, increased production to satisfy the British market.

And with the cotton economy essentially stalled, the South was at a severe economic disadvantage during the Civil War.

It has been estimated that cotton exports before the Civil War were approximately $192 million. In 1865, following the end of the war, exports amounted to less than $7 million.

Cotton Production After the Civil War

Though the war ended the use of enslaved labor in the cotton industry, cotton was still the preferred crop in the South. The system of sharecropping, in which farmers did not own the land but worked it for a portion of the profits, came into widespread use. And the most common crop in the sharecropping system was cotton.

In the later decades of the 19th-century prices of cotton
dropped, and that contributed to the severe poverty throughout much of the South. The reliance upon cotton, which had been so profitable earlier in the century, proved to be a severe problem by the 1880s and 1890s.

The history of cotton can be traced to domestication. Cotton played an important role in the history of India, the British Empire, and the
United States, and continues to be an important crop and commodity.

The history of the domestication of cotton is very complex and is not known
exactly.[1] Several isolated civilizations in both the Old and New World independently domesticated and converted cotton into fabric. All the same tools were invented to work it also, including
combs, bows, hand spindles, and primitive looms.[2]: 11–13

Etymology[edit]

The word “cotton” has Arabic origins, derived from the Arabic word قطن
(qutn or qutun). This was the usual word for cotton in medieval Arabic.[3] The word entered the
Romance languages in the mid-12th century,[4] and English a century later. Cotton fabric was known to the ancient Romans as an import but cotton was rare in the
Romance-speaking lands until imports from the Arabic-speaking lands in the later medieval era at transformatively lower prices.[5][6]

Early history[edit]

The oldest cotton textiles were found in graves and city ruins of civilizations from dry climates, where the fabrics did not decay
completely.[7]

America[edit]

The oldest cotton fabric has been found in
Huaca Prieta in Peru, dated to about 6000 BCE. It is here that Gossypium barbadense is thought to have been domesticated at its
earliest.[8][9] Some of the oldest cotton bolls were discovered in a cave in Tehuacán Valley, Mexico, and were dated to approximately 5500 BCE, but some
doubt has been cast on these estimates. Seeds and cordage dating to about 2500 BCE have been found in Peru.[1] By 3000 BCE cotton was being grown and processed in Mexico, and
Arizona.[9]

Kingdom of Kush[edit]

Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum Linnaeus) may have been domesticated around 5000 BCE in eastern Sudan near the Middle Nile Basin region, where cotton cloth was being produced.[10] The cultivation of cotton and the knowledge of its spinning and weaving in
Meroë reached a high level in the 4th century BC. The export of textiles was one of the sources of wealth for Meroë. Aksumite King Ezana boasted in his inscription that he destroyed large cotton plantations in Meroë during his
conquest of the region.[11]

Indian subcontinent[edit]

The latest archaeological discovery in
Mehrgarh puts the dating of early cotton cultivation and the use of cotton to 5000 BCE.[12] The Indus Valley civilization started cultivating cotton by 3000
BCE.[13] Cotton was mentioned in Hindu hymns in 1500 BCE.[9]

Herodotus, an ancient Greek historian, mentions
Indian cotton in the 5th century BCE as “a wool exceeding in beauty and goodness that of sheep”, which suggests that the fiber was not yet known in Greece at the time.[14] When
Alexander the Great invaded India, his troops started wearing cotton clothes that were more comfortable than their previous woolen
ones.[15] Strabo, another Greek historian, mentioned the vividness of Indian fabrics, and Arrian told of Indian–Arab trade of cotton fabrics in 130
CE.[16]

Middle Ages[edit]

Eastern
world[edit]

Handheld roller cotton gins had been used in India since the 6th century, and was then introduced to other countries from
there.[17] Between the 12th and 14th centuries, dual-roller gins appeared in India and China. The Indian version of the dual-roller gin was prevalent throughout the Mediterranean cotton trade by the 16th century. This mechanical device was, in some areas, driven by water
power.[18]

Western world[edit]

Egyptians grew and
spun cotton from 600 to 700 CE.[9]

Cotton was a common fabric during the Middle Ages, and was hand-woven on a loom. Cotton manufacture was introduced to Europe during the
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily. The knowledge of cotton weaving was spread to northern Italy in the 12th century, when Sicily was conquered by the Normans, and consequently to the rest of Europe. The spinning wheel, introduced to Europe circa 1350, improved the speed of cotton spinning.[19] By the 15th century,
Venice, Antwerp, and Haarlem were important ports for cotton trade, and the sale and transportation of cotton fabrics had become very
profitable.[15]

Christopher Columbus, in his explorations of the Bahamas and Cuba, found
natives wearing cotton (“the costliest and handsomest… cotton mantles and sleeveless shirts embroidered and painted in different designs and colours”), a fact that may have contributed to his incorrect belief that he had landed on the coast of India.[2]: 11–13

Early
modern period[edit]

India[edit]

India had been an exporter of fine cotton
fabrics to other countries since the ancient times. Sources such as Marco Polo, who traveled India in the 13th century, Chinese travelers, who traveled Buddhist pilgrim centers earlier, Vasco Da Gama, who entered Calicut in 1498, and Tavernier, who visited India in the 17th century, have praised the superiority of Indian fabrics.[20]

The
worm gear roller cotton gin, which was invented in India during the early Delhi Sultanate era of the 13th–14th centuries, came into use in the Mughal Empire some time around the 16th
century,[21] and is still used in India through to the present day.[17] Another innovation, the incorporation of the crank handle in the
cotton gin, first appeared in India some time during the late Delhi Sultanate or the early Mughal Empire.[22] The production of cotton, which may have largely been spun in the villages and then taken to towns in the form of yarn to be woven into cloth textiles, was advanced by the diffusion of the
spinning wheel across India shortly before the Mughal era, lowering the costs of yarn and helping to increase demand for cotton. The diffusion of the spinning wheel, and the incorporation of the worm gear and crank handle into the roller cotton gin, led to greatly expanded Indian cotton textile production during the Mughal
era.[23]

It was reported that, with an Indian cotton gin, which is half machine and half tool, one man and one woman could clean 28 pounds of cotton per day. With a modified Forbes version, one man and a boy could produce 250 pounds per day. If oxen were used to power 16 of these machines, and a few people’s labour was used to feed them, they could produce as much work as
750 people did formerly.[24]

During the early 16th century to the early 18th century, Indian cotton production increased, in terms of both raw cotton and cotton textiles. The Mughals introduced agrarian reforms such as a new revenue system
that was biased in favour of higher value cash crops such as cotton and indigo, providing state incentives to grow cash crops, in addition to rising market demand.[25]

The largest manufacturing industry in the Mughal Empire was cotton textile manufacturing, which included the production of piece goods,
calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a variety of colours. The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire’s international
trade.[26] India had a 25% share of the global textile trade in the early 18th century.[27] Indian cotton textiles were the most important
manufactured goods in world trade in the 18th century, consumed across the world from the Americas to
Japan.[28] The most important center of cotton production was the Bengal Subah province, particularly around its capital city of
Dhaka.[29]

Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles imported by the Dutch
from Asia,[30] Bengali cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[31] and
Bengali Muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as “daka” textiles.[29] Indian textiles dominated the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, were sold in the Atlantic Ocean trade, and had a 38% share of the West African trade in the early 18th century, while Indian calicos were a major force in Europe, and Indian textiles
accounted for 20% of total English trade with Southern Europe in the early 18th century.[32]

Western
world[edit]

Cotton cloth started to become highly sought-after for the European urban markets during the Renaissance and the
Enlightenment.[citation needed] Vasco da Gama (d. 1524), a Portuguese explorer, opened Asian sea trade, which
replaced caravans and allowed for heavier cargo. Indian craftspeople had long protected the secret of how to create colourful patterns. However, some converted to Christianity and their secret was revealed by a French Catholic priest,
Father Coeurdoux (1691–1779). He revealed the process of creating the fabrics in France, which assisted the European textile industry.[33]

In
early modern Europe, there was significant demand for cotton textiles such as chintz from Mughal
India.[26] European fashion, for example, became increasingly dependent on Mughal Indian
textiles.[citation needed] From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from
Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from
Asia.[30] In contrast, there was very little demand for European goods in Mughal India, which was largely self-sufficient, thus Europeans had very little to offer, except for some woolens, unprocessed
metals and a few luxury items. The trade imbalance caused Europeans to export large quantities of gold and silver to Mughal India in order to pay for South Asian imports.[26]

Egypt[edit]

Egypt under Muhammad Ali in the early 19th century had the fifth most productive cotton industry in the world, in terms of the number of
spindles per capita.[34] The industry was initially driven by machinery that relied on traditional energy sources, such as animal power,
water wheels, and windmills, which were also the principal energy sources in Western Europe up until around 1870.[35] It was under
Muhammad Ali of Egypt in the early 19th century that steam engines were introduced to the Egyptian cotton industry.[35]

British Empire[edit]

East India
Company[edit]

Cotton’s rise to global importance came about as a result of the cultural transformation of Europe and Britain’s trading
empire.[16] Calico and chintz, types of cotton fabrics, became popular in Europe, and by 1664 the
East India Company was importing a quarter of a million pieces into Britain.[33] By the 18th century, the middle class had become more concerned with cleanliness and
fashion, and there was a demand for easily washable and colourful fabric. Wool continued to dominate the European markets, but cotton prints were introduced to Britain by the East India Company in the 1690s.[16] Imports of calicoes, cheap cotton fabrics from Kozhikode, then
known as Calicut, in India, found a mass market among the poor. By 1721 these calicoes threatened British manufacturers, and Parliament passed the Calico Act that banned calicoes for clothing or domestic purposes. In 1774 the act was repealed with the invention of machines that allowed for British manufacturers to
compete with Eastern fabrics.[36]

Indian cotton textiles, particularly those from Bengal, continued to maintain a competitive advantage up until the 19th century. In order to compete with India, Britain invested in labour-saving technical progress, while
implementing protectionist policies such as bans and tariffs to restrict Indian imports.[37] At the same time, the East India Company’s
rule in India opened up a new market for British goods,[37] while the capital amassed from Bengal after its 1757 conquest was used to invest in British
industries such as textile manufacturing and greatly increase British wealth.[38][39][40] British
colonization also forced open the large Indian market to British goods, which could be sold in India without tariffs or duties, compared to local Indian producers, while raw cotton was imported from India without tariffs to British factories which manufactured textiles from Indian cotton, giving Britain a monopoly over India’s large market and cotton resources.[41][37][42] India served as both a significant supplier of raw goods to British manufacturers and a large
captive market for British manufactured goods.[43] Britain eventually surpassed India as the world’s leading cotton textile manufacturer in the 19th
century.[37]

The cotton industry grew under the British commercial empire. British cotton products were successful in European markets, constituting 40.5% of exports in 1784–1786. Britain’s success was also due to its trade with its own colonies, whose settlers maintained British identities, and thus, fashions. With the growth of the cotton industry,
manufacturers had to find new sources of raw cotton, and cultivation was expanded to West India.[16] High tariffs against Indian textile workshops, British power in India through the East India
Company,[33] and British restrictions on Indian cotton imports[44] transformed India from the source of textiles to a source of raw
cotton.[33] Cultivation was also attempted in the Caribbean and West Africa, but these attempts failed due to bad weather and poor soil. The
Indian subcontinent was looked to as a possible source of raw cotton, but intra-imperial conflicts and economic rivalries prevented the area from producing the necessary supply.[16]

Britain[edit]

Cotton’s versatility allowed it to be combined with
linen and be made into velvet. It was cheaper than silk and could be imprinted more easily than wool, allowing for patterned dresses for women. It became the
standard fashion and, because of its price, was accessible to the general public. New inventions in the 1770s—such as the spinning jenny, the water frame, and the spinning mule—made the
British Midlands into a very profitable manufacturing centre. In 1794–1796, British cotton goods accounted for 15.6% of Britain’s exports, and in 1804–1806 grew to 42.3%.[16]

The Lancashire
textile mills were major parts of the British industrial revolution. Their workers had poor working conditions: low wages, child labour, and 18-hour work days. Richard Arkwright created a textile empire by
building a factory system powered by water, which was occasionally raided by the Luddites, weavers put out of business by the mechanization of textile production. In the 1790s, James Watt’s steam power was applied to textile production, and by 1839 thousands of children worked in Manchester’s cotton mills.
Karl Marx, who frequently visited Lancashire, may have been influenced by the conditions of workers in these mills in writing Das Kapital.[33] Child labour was banned during the
middle of the 19th century.

United States[edit]

Pre–Civil War[edit]

Eli Whitney’s patent for the modern cotton gin

Anglo-French warfare in the early 1790s restricted access to continental Europe, causing the United States to
become an important—and temporarily the largest—consumer for British cotton goods.[16] In 1791, U.S. cotton production was small, at only 900 thousand kilograms (2000 thousand pounds). Several factors contributed to the growth of the cotton industry in the U.S.: the increasing British demand; innovations in spinning, weaving, and steam power; inexpensive land;
and a slave labour force.[45] The modern cotton gin, invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney, enormously grew the American cotton industry, which was previously limited by the speed
of manual removal of seeds from the fibre,[46] and helped cotton to surpass tobacco as the primary cash crop of the
South.[47] By 1801 the annual production of cotton had reached over 22 million kilograms (48.5 million pounds), and by the early 1830s the United States produced the majority of the world’s cotton. Cotton also exceeded the value of all other United States exports
combined.[45] The need for fertile land conducive to its cultivation led to the expansion of slavery in the United States and an early 19th-century
land rush known as Alabama Fever.[48][49]

Cultivation
of cotton using enslaved Africans and their descendants brought huge profits to the owners of large plantations, making them some of the wealthiest men in the U.S. prior to the Civil War. In the non-slave-owning states, farms rarely grew larger than what could be cultivated by one family due to scarcity of farm workers. In the slave states, owners of farms could buy many people and thus
cultivate large areas of land. By the 1850s, slaves made up 50% of the population of the main cotton states: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and
Louisiana. An unpaid labor force was the most important asset in cotton cultivation, and their sale brought profits to slaveowners outside of cotton-cultivating areas. Thus, the cotton industry contributed significantly to the Southern upper class’s support of slavery. Although the Southern small-farm owners did not grow cotton due to its lack of short-term profitability, they were still supportive of the
system in the hopes of one day owning slaves.[45]

Slaves were fobidden to use for themselves commercial cotton, selected to produce fibers as white as possible, but it seems that their use of cotton with naturally colored fibers was
tolerated.[50] Ironically, today, these heirloom varieties are the subject of collectors passions but also renewed interest for high-end niche markets with the hope to produce textiles of lower environmental impact or fibers with sought-after unusual properties (e.g.
UV-protection).[51]

Cotton’s central place in the national economy and its international importance led Senator James Henry Hammond of South Carolina to make a famous boast in 1858 about King Cotton:

Without firing a gun, without drawing a sword, should they make war on us, we could bring the whole world to our feet… What would happen if no cotton was furnished for three years?… England would topple headlong and carry the whole civilized world with her save the South. No, you dare not to make war on cotton. No power on the earth dares to make war upon it. Cotton is
king.[52]

Cotton diplomacy, the idea that cotton would cause Britain and France to intervene in the Civil War, was
unsuccessful.[53] It was thought that the Civil War caused the Lancashire Cotton Famine, a period between 1861–1865 of depression in the British cotton industry, by blocking off American raw cotton. Some, however, suggest that the Cotton Famine was
mostly due to overproduction and price inflation caused by an expectation of future shortage.[54]

Prior to the Civil War, Lancashire companies issued surveys to find new cotton-growing countries if the Civil War were to occur and reduce American exports. India was deemed to be the country capable of growing the necessary amounts. Indeed, it helped fill the gap during the war, making up only 31% of British cotton imports in 1861, but 90% in 1862 and 67% in
1864.[55]

After 1860[edit]

The main European purchasers, Britain and France, began to turn to Egyptian cotton. After the American Civil
War ended in 1865, British and French traders abandoned Egyptian cotton and returned to cheap American exports,[56] sending Egypt into a deficit spiral that led to the country declaring
bankruptcy in 1876, a key factor behind Egypt’s occupation by the British Empire in 1882.

The South continued to be a one-crop economy until the 20th century, when the boll
weevil struck across the South. The New Deal and World War II encouraged diversification.[47] Many ex-slaves as well as poor whites worked in the
sharecropping system in serf-like conditions.[57]

Modern
history[edit]

Boll weevils[edit]

The farmer said to the merchant

I need some meat and meal.
Get away from here, you son-of-a-gun,
You got boll weevils in your field.

Going to get your home, going to get your home.

Boll weevils, small, cotton eating insects, entered the United States from Mexico in 1892, created 100 years of problems for the U.S. cotton industry. Many
consider the boll weevil almost as important as the Civil War as an agent of change in the South, forcing economic and social changes. In total, the boll weevil is estimated to have caused $22 billion in damages. In the late 1950s, the U.S. cotton industry faced economic problems, and eradication of the boll weevil was prioritized. The Agricultural Research Service
built the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory, which came up with detection traps and pheromone lures. The program was successful, and pesticide use reduced significantly while the boll weevil was eradicated in some
areas.[58]

Africa and India[edit]

After the Cotton Famine, the European textile industry looked to new sources of raw cotton.
The African colonies of West Africa and Mozambique provided a cheap supply. Taxes and extra-market means again discouraged local textile production. Working conditions were brutal, especially in the Congo, Angola, and
Mozambique. Several revolts occurred, and a cotton black market created a local textile industry. In recent history, United States agricultural subsidies have depressed world prices, making it difficult for African farmers to compete.[33]

India’s cotton industry struggled in the late 19th century because of unmechanized production and American dominance of raw cotton export. India, ceasing to be a major exporter of cotton goods, became the largest importer of British cotton textiles.[59] Mohandas Gandhi believed that cotton was closely tied to Indian self-determination. In the 1920s he launched the Khadi Movement, a massive boycott of British cotton goods. He urged Indians to use simple homespun cotton textiles, khadi. Cotton became an important symbol in
Indian independence. During World War II, shortages created a high demand for khadi, and 16 million yards of cloth were produced in nine months. The British Raj declared khadi subversive; damaging to the British imperial rule. Confiscation, burning of stocks, and jailing of workers
resulted, which intensified resistance.[2]: 309–311 In the second half of the 20th century, a downturn in the European cotton industry led to a resurgence of the Indian cotton industry. India began to mechanize and was able to compete in the world
market.[59]

Decline in the British cotton textile industry[edit]

British textile mills in 1913

In 1912, the British cotton industry was at its peak, producing eight
billion yards of cloth. In World War I, cotton couldn’t be exported to foreign markets, and some countries built their own factories, particularly Japan. By 1933 Japan introduced 24-hour cotton production and became the world’s largest cotton manufacturer. Demand for British cotton slumped, and during the
interwar period 345,000 workers left the industry and 800 mills closed.

India’s boycott of British cotton products devastated Lancashire, and in
Blackburn 74 mills closed in under four years.

In World War II, the British cotton industry saw an upturn and an increase in workers, with Lancashire mills being tasked with creating parachutes and uniforms for the war.

In the 1950s and ’60s, many workers came from the Indian sub-continent and were
encouraged to look for work in Lancashire. An increase in the work force allowed mill owners to introduce third (night) shifts. This resurgence in the textile industry did not last long, and by 1958, Britain had become a net importer of cotton cloth.

Modernization of the industry was attempted in 1959 with the Cotton Industry Act.

Mill closures occurred in
Lancashire, and it was failing to compete with foreign industry. During the 1960s and ’70s, a mill closed in Lancashire almost once a week. By the 1980s, the textile industry of North West Britain had almost disappeared.[60]

Economy[edit]

Textile mills have moved from Western Europe to, more recently, lower-wage areas. Industrial production is currently mostly located in countries like India, Bangladesh, China, and in Latin America. In these regions labour is much less expensive than in the first world, and attracts poor workers.[33] Biotechnology plays an important role in cotton
agriculture as genetically modified cotton that can resist Roundup, a herbicide made by the company
Monsanto, as well as repel insects.[2]: 277 Organically grown cotton is becoming less prevalent in favour of synthetic fibres made from petroleum
products.[2]: 301

The demand for cotton has doubled since the 1980s.[61] The main producer of cotton, as of December 2016, is India, at 26%, past China at 20% and the
United States at 16%.[62] The leading cotton exporter is the United States, whose production is subsidized by the government, with subsidies estimated at $14 billion between 1995 and 2003. The value of cotton lint has been decreasing for sixty years, and the value of cotton has decreased by 50% in 1997–2007. The global textile and clothing industry employs 23.6 million workers,
of which 75% are women.[61]

Max Havelaar, a fair trade association, launched a fair trade label for cotton in 2005, the first for a
non-food commodity. Working with small producers from Cameroon, Mali, and Senegal, the fair trade agreement increases substantially the price paid for goods and increases adherence to World Labour Organization conventions. A two-year period in Mali has
allowed farmers to buy new agricultural supplies and cattle, and enroll their children in school.[63]

See also[edit]

• Diplomacy of the American Civil War#Cotton and the British economy
• History of agriculture
• Christophe Moulherat

References[edit]

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    Further
    reading[edit]

    • Beckert, Sven (2014). Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Knopf. ISBN 978-0375414145.
    • Brown, D. Clayton. King
      Cotton in Modern America: A Cultural, Political, and Economic History since 1945 (2010) excerpt
    • Riello, Giorgio. Cotton: The Fabric that Made the Modern World (2015) excerpt
    • Riello, Giorgio. How India Clothed the World: The World of
      South Asian Textiles, 1500–1850 (2013)
    • Yafa, Stephen (2006). Cotton: The Biography of a Revolutionary Fiber. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0143037224.

    What major factors contributed to the growth of the cotton kingdom in the early 1800s?

    An increase in market demand growing out of England’s textile industry ensured favorable prices and spurred the ascension of the short-staple cotton industry. Improvements in the production and transportation of cotton and the new demand for the fiber led to a scramble for greater profits.

    Why was cotton grown in the South and not the north?

    In order to grow properly, cotton requires a warm climate, so the American south is the ideal place for it to be harvested. In the 1730s, England began using American cotton as part of its clothing industry. The cotton from the American south was shipped overseas so the English could spin it into clothing and textiles.

    Why was cotton production an important development in the South in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century?

    Cotton production an important development in the South in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century because? demand for cotton was skyrocketed, and slaves were needed to pick it. The early separate black churches established around the Great Awakening was that they were never truly? Black members of St.

    Why was the South called the cotton Kingdom?

    COTTON KINGDOM refers to the cotton-producing region of the southern United States up until the Civil War. As white settlers from Virginia and the Carolinas forced the original Native American inhabitants farther and farther west, they moved in and established plantations.

Bạn đang tìm hiểu bài viết:  Which of the following was a reason for the growth of cotton in the South in the 19th century? 2024

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