What perspective uses concepts such as adaptation reproduction? 2024

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Which psychological perspective emphasizes
a person’s positive qualities,capability for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny?Which of these are recognized approaches to psychology?The
biological approach to psychology focuses on the brain andsystem.Which psychological perspective focuses on the mental processes involved inknowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solveThe behavioral
perspective _____.Suggests that observable, measurablebehavior should be the focus of study.Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious thought, theconflict between the biological instincts and society’s demands, andearly family
experiences?Theperspective uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and“survival of the fittest” as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.Which of these represent approaches to psychological
science?Which psychological perspective examines the ways in which the social andA behaviorist might study _____.learning through environmental
determinantsWhich statement about the seven contemporary approaches is mostaccurate?

Chapter
One1.Critical thinking is the practice of evaluating?2.Who was the major proponent of the functionalist movement?

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answer to your question and much more

3.True or false: Behavioral neuroscience is a field of psychology that focuses on brain and

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4.The study of the patterns of physical, cognitive, and social growth that occur throughoutthe lifespan is______
psychology.5.The three key parts of the definition of psychology include all of the following, except:

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6.Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes?

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7.Philosopher ____ argued that the mind and body were completely separate.

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8.____ is an evolutionary process that favors organisms’ traits or characteristics, which arebest adapted to reproduce and
survive.9.Which of the following is NOT one of the seven contemporary approaches to

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psychology?10.Oliver spent a late night out at the movies with friends, and when he wakes up the next

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much more

morning, he feels achy and sore to the point that he cannot concentrate. This is anexample of ______ – _______.

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11.Neuroscience is a(n) _____ approach to psychology.

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12.The behavioral approach?

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Psychological perspectives are different ways of thinking about and explaining human behavior. Psychologists utilize a variety
of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave.

Some researchers focus more on one specific school of thought, such as the biological perspective, while others take a more eclectic approach that incorporates multiple points of view.

No single perspective is “better” than another. Instead, each simply emphasizes different aspects of
human behavior.

This article explores seven of the major perspectives in psychology, where these perspectives originated, and how they attempt to explain psychological issues. It also provides examples of key ideas from each psychological perspective.

Major Perspectives

The early years of psychology were dominated by a succession of these different schools of thought. If you
have taken a psychology course, you might remember learning about structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism—all of which are different schools of psychological thought.

As psychology has grown, the number and variety of topics psychologists
investigate have also expanded. Since the early 1960s, the field of psychology has flourished. It continues to grow rapidly, as has the depth and breadth of subjects studied by psychologists.

Psychological Perspectives Today

Few psychologists identify their outlook according to a particular school of thought. While there are still some pure behaviorists or psychoanalysts, the majority of psychologists today categorize their work according to their specialty area and perspective.

Purpose of Psychological Perspectives

Why are there so many different
perspectives in psychology? It is important to remember that every topic in psychology can be looked at in many ways. For example, let’s consider the subject of aggression.

• A professional who emphasizes a biological perspective would look at how the brain and nervous system impact aggressive behavior.
• A professional who stresses a behavioral perspective would look at how environmental variables
  reinforce aggressive actions.
• A professional who utilizes a cross-cultural approach might consider how cultural and social influences contribute to aggressive or violent behavior.

Here are seven of the major perspectives in
modern psychology.

1. The Psychodynamic Perspective

The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of
Sigmund Freud. This view of psychology and human behavior emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early childhood
experiences, and interpersonal relationships to explain human behavior, as well as to treat mental illnesses.

Much thanks to Freud’s work and influence, psychoanalysis became one of the earliest major forces within psychology. Freud conceived of the mind as being composed of three key elements:
the id, the ego, and the superego.

• The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious desires.
• The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the real world.
• The
  superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals.

While the psychodynamic perspective is not as dominant today, it continues to be a useful psychotherapeutic tool.

2. The Behavioral Perspective

Behavioral psychology focuses on learned behaviors. It
was founded on the work of psychologists such as Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson. Behaviorism dominated psychology in the early twentieth century but began to lose its hold during the 1950s.

Behaviorism differs from other perspectives because it focuses solely on observable behaviors rather than on emphasizing internal states.

Today, the behavioral perspective is still concerned with how behaviors are learned and reinforced. Behavioral principles are often applied in mental health settings, where therapists and counselors use these techniques to explain and treat a variety of illnesses.

3. The Cognitive Perspective

During the 1960s, a new perspective known as cognitive psychology emerged. This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making.

Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive
perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades.

Cognitive psychologists often utilize an information-processing model (comparing the human mind to a computer) to conceptualize how information is acquired, processed, stored, and utilized.

4. The Biological Perspective

The study of physiology played a major role in the development of psychology as a separate science. Today,
the perspective is known as biological psychology (also called biopsychology or physiological psychology). The point of view emphasizes the physical and biological bases of behavior.

Researchers with a
biological perspective on psychology might look at how genetics influence behavior or how damage to specific areas of the brain affect personality.

The nervous system, genetics, the brain, the immune system, and the endocrine system are just a few subjects of interest
to biological psychologists. Over the last few decades, the perspective has grown significantly with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human brain and nervous system.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans give researchers tools to observe the brain under a variety of conditions. Scientists can now look at the effects of brain damage, drugs, and disease in ways that were not possible in the past.

5. The Cross-Cultural Perspective

Cross-cultural psychology is a fairly new perspective that has grown significantly in the last twenty years. Psychologists and researchers in this school of thought look at human behavior across
different cultures.

By looking at these differences, we can learn more about how culture influences our thinking and behavior. For example, researchers have looked at how social behaviors differ in individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

• In individualistic cultures (such as the United States) people tend to exert less effort when they are part of a group—a phenomenon known as
  social loafing.
• In collectivistic cultures (such as China), people tend to work harder when they are part of a group.

6. The Evolutionary Perspective

Evolutionary psychology focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution can explain physiological processes. Psychologists who take this perspective apply the basic principles of evolution (like natural selection) to psychological phenomena.

The
evolutionary perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose—meaning that they aid in human survival and reproduction.​​​

7. The Humanistic Perspective

In the 1950s, a school of thought known as
humanistic psychology arrived. It was greatly influenced by the work of prominent humanists such as Carl Rogers and
Abraham Maslow.

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and behavior. Concepts such as self-actualization are essential. Psychologists with a humanist perspective focus on what drives humans to grow, change, and develop their personal
potential.

Positive psychology (which focuses on helping people live happier, healthier lives) is a recent movement in psychology with roots in the humanist perspective.

A Word From Verywell

There are many ways to think about human thought and behavior. The different perspectives in modern psychology give researchers and students tools to approach problems and answer questions. They also guide psychologists in finding new ways to explain and predict human behavior. This exploration and deeper understanding can even lead to the development of new treatment approaches.

What is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation reproduction and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors quizlet?

What perspective focuses on the roles of survival and reproduction?

Which type of psychologist applies concepts like survival of the fittest and adaptation to human behavior?

Which psychological perspective focuses on the mental process?

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